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A sliding window is a technique often used in computer science, particularly in algorithm design and data processing, to efficiently manage and process a subset of data points within a larger set. Imagine you have a long sequence of data, such as a string or an array, and you need to perform operations on a smaller, fixed-size subset of this data. Instead of repeatedly extracting this subset from scratch, which can be computationally expensive, you use a "window" that slides over the sequence. This window maintains its size while moving one element at a time, either from left to right or right to left. For example, if you are analyzing a time series data for detecting anomalies, a sliding window can help you examine short, consecutive time frames, making your analysis more efficient. The beauty of the sliding window technique is its ability to reduce time complexity significantly, transforming potentially quadratic time algorithms into linear time algorithms, making it a powerful tool in tasks such as substring search, average calculation, and more.